Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change
von: Felipe Bravo, Valerie LeMay, Robert Jandl, Klaus von Gadow
Springer-Verlag, 2008
ISBN: 9781402083433
Sprache: Englisch
333 Seiten, Download: 4757 KB
Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen
Foreword | 6 | ||
Contents | 8 | ||
Part I Introduction | 11 | ||
Introduction | 12 | ||
1 Forest Management and Climate Change | 12 | ||
2 Mitigation Through Adaptive Forest Management | 14 | ||
3 Monitoring and Adaptive Management | 15 | ||
4 Research | 16 | ||
5 Organization of This Book | 17 | ||
References | 18 | ||
Part II Overview of Climate Change and Forest Responses | 21 | ||
A Mechanistic View of the Capacity of Forests to Cope with Climate Change | 22 | ||
1 Introduction | 22 | ||
2 The Complexity of Climate Change and of Its Effects | 24 | ||
3 Climate Change and Tree Physiology | 29 | ||
4 Climate Change, Phenotypic Plasticity and Rapid Evolution | 35 | ||
5 Scaling Up to the Community: Species Interactions | 37 | ||
6 The Challenge of Modelling Distribution Responses to Climate Change | 39 | ||
7 The Case of Mediterranean Forests | 40 | ||
8 Concluding Remarks | 41 | ||
References | 42 | ||
Greenhouse-gas Emissions from Temperate Mountain Forests | 48 | ||
1 Introduction | 48 | ||
2 Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Mountain Forests | 51 | ||
3 Net Ecosystem CO2 and H2O Exchange in High Elevation Forests | 53 | ||
4 Seasonal Dynamics | 55 | ||
5 System Dynamics | 61 | ||
6 Conclusions | 62 | ||
References | 63 | ||
Part III Monitoring and Modeling | 68 | ||
Estimating Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes in Forests: Linking Models and Data Across Scales | 69 | ||
1 Introduction | 69 | ||
2 Monitoring Challenges | 70 | ||
3 Integrating Multiple Data Sources Across Spatial Scales | 76 | ||
4 Integrating Multiple Data Sources Across Time Scales | 82 | ||
5 Concluding Remarks and Research Needs | 83 | ||
References | 84 | ||
Forest Eco-physiological Models and Carbon Sequestration | 88 | ||
1 Introduction | 88 | ||
2 GOTILWA+ : A Process-Based Model | 92 | ||
3 Model Applications | 95 | ||
4 The Future of Eco-physiological Models | 104 | ||
5 Conclusion | 105 | ||
References | 106 | ||
Influence of Climatic Variables on Crown Condition in Pine Forests of Northern Spain | 108 | ||
1 Introduction | 108 | ||
2 Materials and Methods | 110 | ||
3 Results | 112 | ||
4 Discussion | 116 | ||
References | 118 | ||
Part IV Economic and Management Impacts | 121 | ||
Influence of Carbon Sequestration in an Optimal Set of Coppice Rotations for Eucalyptus Plantations | 122 | ||
1 Introduction | 122 | ||
2 Materials and Methods | 124 | ||
3 Results and Discussion | 131 | ||
4 Conclusions | 135 | ||
References | 135 | ||
Use of Forests and Wood Products to Mitigate Climate Change | 139 | ||
1 Introduction | 139 | ||
2 Case Studies | 141 | ||
3 Discussion | 148 | ||
References | 150 | ||
Biomass Forest in Sweden and Carbon Emissions Balance | 152 | ||
1 Introduction | 152 | ||
2 Biomass Production | 155 | ||
3 Biomass and the Carbon Emission | 157 | ||
4 Conclusions | 162 | ||
References | 163 | ||
Taper Equations and Wood Products: Assessing the Carbon Flow of the Forest Through Its Products | 165 | ||
1 Introduction | 165 | ||
2 Estimation of Carbon Stocks | 166 | ||
3 Materials and Methods | 168 | ||
4 Results and Discussion | 171 | ||
5 Conclusions | 176 | ||
References | 176 | ||
Forest Management Strategies and Carbon Sequestration | 178 | ||
1 Introduction | 178 | ||
2 Forest Management and Carbon Sequestration During the Last Century | 180 | ||
3 Strategies to Improve Carbon Sequestration | 182 | ||
4 Conclusions | 190 | ||
References | 191 | ||
Analysing the Effects of Forest Structure on Carbon Stocks and Timber Production Under Changing Management and Climate | 194 | ||
1 Introduction | 194 | ||
2 Material and Methods | 196 | ||
3 Results | 202 | ||
4 Discussion | 210 | ||
5 Conclusions | 214 | ||
References | 214 | ||
Part V Case Studies | 218 | ||
Carbon Sequestration in Mediterranean Pine Forests | 219 | ||
1 Introduction | 219 | ||
2 Carbon Stocks over Time for Two Scots Pine Forests | 221 | ||
3 Management Alternatives and CO2 Fixation in Mediterranean Maritime Pine | 226 | ||
4 Carbon Sequestration in Even and Uneven Aged Stone Pine Stands | 230 | ||
5 Modelling Coarse Woody Debris in Pine Plantations | 234 | ||
6 Conclusions | 239 | ||
References | 240 | ||
Carbon Sequestration of Ponderosa Pine Plantations in Northwestern Patagonia | 244 | ||
1 Introduction | 244 | ||
2 Geographical Context | 245 | ||
3 Forest Lands and Site Quality | 247 | ||
4 Baseline | 247 | ||
5 Stand Growth, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates | 249 | ||
6 Regional Scenarios of Carbon Sequestration | 253 | ||
7 Conclusions | 260 | ||
References | 261 | ||
Assessing Pine Wilt Disease Risk Under a Climate Change Scenario in Northwestern Spain | 265 | ||
1 Introduction | 265 | ||
2 Material and Methods | 267 | ||
3 Results and Discussion | 269 | ||
References | 277 | ||
Dynamics of Soil Carbon in Primary and Secondary Tropical Forests in Colombia | 279 | ||
1 Introduction | 279 | ||
2 Materials and Methods | 281 | ||
3 Results and Discussion | 285 | ||
4 Conclusions | 289 | ||
References | 290 | ||
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mangroves in Southeast Asia | 293 | ||
1 Introduction | 293 | ||
2 Distribution and Abundance | 294 | ||
3 Mangrove Forest Destruction | 297 | ||
4 Services and Functions Provided by Mangroves | 298 | ||
5 Carbon Sequestration in Mangrove Forests | 300 | ||
6 Conclusions | 306 | ||
References | 306 | ||
Silviculture and Carbon Sequestration in Mediterranean Oak Forests | 312 | ||
1 Introduction | 312 | ||
2 Biomass Production and Carbon Sequestration in Spanish Cork Oak Forests | 313 | ||
3 Biomass Production and Carbon Sequestration in Portuguese Cork Oak Forests | 319 | ||
4 Carbon Quantification in Pure Quercus pyrenaica Willd. Woodlands in Spain | 324 | ||
5 Carbon Quantification in Pure and Mixed Stands in Central Spain | 327 | ||
6 Final Remarks | 331 | ||
References | 332 |