Word Power: Phrasal Verbs and Compounds - A Cognitive Approach

5.8 Key to ‘Expand and test your knowledge of ‘down’’ (S. 118-119)

2 Fill in the phrasal verb and paraphrase/explain their meanings.

1 go down (imposed by the people on top, it was not accepted well by the people ‘down’) – 2 voted down (the suggestion was brought up but it went ‘down’ since it was not accepted) – 3 run down (from an erect position the person was lying flat) – 4 cut down (decrease its production) – 5 get down to work – 6 slow down – 7 worn down (<, wear), tired, exhausted – 8 clamping down on – 9 spiral down – 10 scale down/lower – 11 step down – 12 run down/ be low – 13 track down

3 Paraphrase the meaning of the following or show through collocations that you understand them.

1 to eat quickly and greedily (the way wolves or dogs do), food goes down from the mouth to the stomach – 2 to take down/write down sth quickly, hastily (writing is an activity from higher up (thinking, hearing) to lower, down on paper) –

3 to take, pull down a building, a picture, a statue (from vertical to (more) horizontal, flat, a heap of rubble – 4 (after a lot of exciting, nervous wandering) start living a quiet, calm life in a fixed place, fig. settle down to: start an activity giving full attention to it – 5 to talk loudly and so much that the other(s) have to stop talking – 6 to make one less excited or frustrated (from a ‘high’/intense state or activity to a low(er) one) – 7 to heat an object until it becomes liquid (usually of metals) – 8 to defeat (majority against minority) a proposal, a motion – 9 to try to make sth (an incident) look less important than it is – 10 to reduce sth in numbers or size (the workforce in a factory), cf. slim: not fat, thin, to slim: to lose weight, also fig.: there is still a slim (small) hope – 11 to lower to the right level (the wages, incomes of the rich to those of the poor) – 12 to fasten by hitting nails with a hammer – 13 an object (on the floor), to write down an idea, a suggestion, to kill an animal, a plane (to land on the runway), a person (make him look stupid, silly), a sum of money (paying part of the cost of an object when buying it), to suppress a rebellion – 14 to take off, to remove all clothing, all parts of a machine – 15 to move downwards with a continuous winding curve (inflation, a plane) 4 Fill in the verbs that go with the following collocations and explain/justify the use of ‘down’. 1 prune down/back – 2 run down – 3 bring down – 4 tie down – 5 close down – 6 vote down – 7 to shoot down – 8 (can) break down – 9 crash down 5 Give a near-synonym of the following. 1 to scribble down/put down – 2 to gobble down – 3 to reduce sth in numbers or size (the workforce in a factory), cf. to slim: to get thinner – 4 to tie down/up – 5 to touch down – 6 to push down – 7 to come down on sb – 8 to get down to (business, work)